Printf

Java’s printf() is a method that is used for formatting data output and is a combination of String.format() and out.print(). The types of formatting include:

• flags
• width
• precision
• conversions

General Equation: %[flag][width][.precision][conversion]

Flags: plus(+) or minus(-) sign, zero-padding, comma delimiter, and left justify.
Width: minimum amount of spaces data takes up.
Precision: amount of digits after decimal (only applies to floating points).
Conversion: decimal integer(d), floating point(f), char(c), String(s), boolean(b), and hashcode(h).

Decimal Integer – byte, short, int, long
Floating Point – float, double

[Example] [Example]
[Resource] [Resource]
[Resource] [Resource]

General
%c	character
%C	converts to uppercase character (if not already)
%d	decimal integer (base 10)
%e	scientific notation
%E	scientific notation with a capital ‘E’
%f	floating-point number
%i	integer (base 10)
%b	converts to boolean
%B	converts to uppercase boolean
%o	octal number (base 8)
%s	a string of characters
%S	converts to a string of uppercase characters (if not already)
%u	unsigned decimal integer
%h	converts to hashcode
%H	converts to uppercase hashcode
%x	number in hexadecimal (base 16)
%%	prints a percent sign
\%	prints a percent sign
Decimal Integer
%0Xd	zero-fill for X digits
%Xd	right justify for X digits
%-Xd	left justify for X digits
%+d	adds plus sign(+) to positive integers, minus sign for negative integers(-)
% d	prints minus sign(-) if integer is negative, prints a space elsewise
%,d	uses comma delimiter between every 3 digits (ex: 1,000)
Floating Point
%.Yf	prints Y positions after decimal
%Xf	takes up X spaces
%0X.Yf	zero-fills
%-X.Yf	left justifies
String
%Xs	formats string for a minimum of X spaces
%-Xs	left justify
Special Characters
\a	audible alert
\b	backspace
\f	form feed
\n	newline or linefeed
\r	carriage return
\t	tab
\v	vertical tab
\\	backslash